![]() ![]() Main articles: Canaan, Phoenicia, and Kings of Byblos Terracotta jug from Byblos (now in the Louvre), Late Bronze Age (1600–1200 BC) Old City of Byblos Byblos harbor by night The old souk in Byblos, Lebanon The English word " Bible", therefore, ultimately derives from the Greek name of the city. ![]() The Phoenician city, known to the Greeks as Býblos ( Βύβλος) and to the Romans as Byblus, was important for their import of papyrus from Egypt – to the extent that " byblos" came to mean "papyrus" in Greek. This name was used for Byblos Castle and its associated lordship. During the Crusades, this name appeared in European records as Gibelet or Giblet. All of these, along with Byblos, are etymologically related. When the Arabic form of the name is used, it is typically rendered Jbeil, Jbail, or Jbayl in English. Its present Arabic name Jubayl ( جبيل) or J( e) beil is a direct descendant of these earlier names, although apparently modified by a misunderstanding of the name as the triliteral root GBL or JBL, meaning " mountain". The name thus seems to have meant the "Well of the God" or "Source of the God". The name seems to derive from GB ( □□, " well") and ʾL ( □□, " god"), the latter a word that could variously refer to any of the Canaanite gods or to their leader in particular. In the 1st millennium BC, its name appeared in Phoenician and Punic inscriptions as Gebal ( □□□, GBL) in the Hebrew Bible as Geval ( גבל) and in Syriac as GBL ( ܓܒܠ). 2600 BC) and as Gubla ( □□) in the Akkadian cuneiform Amarna letters to the 18th-dynasty pharaohs Amenhotep III and IV. The name appears as Kebny in Egyptian hieroglyphic records going back to the 4th-dynasty pharaoh Sneferu ( fl. Etymology Įusebius' Onomasticon stated that Byblos was known in Hebrew as Gabel / Gobel. It was in ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, likely the ancestor of the Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed. The city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous civilizations, including Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Fatimid, Genoese, Mamluk and Ottoman. It is believed to have been first occupied between 88 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. ![]() Byblos ( / ˈ b ɪ b l ɒ s/ BIB-loss Greek: Βύβλος), also known as Jbeil or Jubayl ( Arabic: جُبَيْل, romanized: Jubayl, locally Jbeil Phoenician: □□□, GBL, probably Gebal), is a city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. ![]()
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